Autor:13.08.2024
Computer Network Topologies
What is a topology?
A network topology is like a blueprint showing how computers and other devices are interconnected. There are six basic types of network topologies:
- Bus
- Ring
- Dual Ring
- Star
- Extended Star
- Mesh
Each has its own unique features, advantages, and disadvantages.
Bus Topology
This is one of the oldest and most basic forms of network topology. All devices are connected to a single line – the bus. In the past, coaxial cables were used for this purpose. Each computer in this network was connected to the same bus, and data was transmitted along it. However, this topology has many drawbacks, such as low performance and difficulties in troubleshooting failures. Nowadays, bus topology is rarely used.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus_network#/media/File:BusNetwork.svg
Ring Topology
Each device is connected to two neighboring devices, forming a closed loop. Data circulates around the ring, and each computer passes it on. Although various transmission media can be used here (coaxial cable, fiber optics, twisted pair), this topology has significant disadvantages. If one device fails, the entire ring stops functioning. There is also a version of this layout called a dual ring, where each device is connected to its neighbors by two cables. This improves reliability, but the issue of communication interruption due to the failure of one device still exists.
Mesh Topology
This is a highly efficient but costly and complex network topology. In this setup, each device is connected to every other device, ensuring maximum bandwidth and reliability. As a result, data can travel the shortest possible route. However, building such a network is extremely difficult and expensive, so it is only used in very specialized cases.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesh_networking#/media/File:FullMeshNetwork.svg
Star Topology
The most commonly found topology in modern computer networks. All devices are connected to a single central point, usually a switch or hub. This design is cost-effective, efficient, and relatively reliable. If one computer stops working, the rest of the network continues to function. However, a failure of the central device can paralyze the entire network.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_network#/media/File:Star_Topology.png
Extended Star Topology
An improved version of the star topology. Here, the main switch connects to smaller switches, which in turn serve individual computers or groups of computers. This solution increases network reliability and optimizes the number of connections needed. In the event of a failure of one of the switches, only part of the network stops functioning, making management and maintenance easier.
Source:https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topologia_rozga%C5%82%C4%99zionej_gwiazdy#/media/Plik:Topologia_rozga%C5%82%C4%99zionej_gwiazdy.svg
Summary
Network topology is a key element in designing and managing a computer network. The choice of the appropriate topology depends on many factors, such as cost, performance, ease of maintenance, and the specific needs of the infrastructure. Each of the discussed topologies has its advantages and disadvantages, and understanding them is essential for building and managing networks effectively. In modern networks, the star topology is the most commonly used, but other solutions may be employed depending on specific needs.
